Client Code (Program):?

Short answer: When the program requests a Character for each letter in the string "Hello World", the CharacterFactory checks if the character already exists. If it does, the existing object is reused; otherwise, a new Character object is created. As a result, memory is saved, and performance is improved by reusing common objects. Key Benefits of the Flyweight Pattern:

Real-world example (ShopNest)

Use a GoF pattern in ShopNest only when it removes duplication or makes a change safer—explain the problem it solves in the interview.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.