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How do you handle environment variables in production?

Use real environment variables on the server or container.
Avoid committing .env files to source control.
In cloud providers, set environment variables in the dashboard.
Use tools like dotenv only in development.
For sensitive secrets, consider secret managers like AWS Secrets Manager or

HashiCorp Vault.

More from Node.js Tutorial

How do you connect Node.js to MongoDB? You typically use the MongoDB Node.js driver or an ODM like Mongoose. Basic connection example with native driver: const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
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What happens when an uncaught exception occurs in Node.js?
What are process.nextTick() and setImmediate()? How do they differ?
How do you write unit tests in Node.js? Unit tests check small, isolated pieces of your code (like functions) to make sure they work
What are common security issues in Node.js applications?
What is clustering in Node.js? Node.js runs on a single thread by default, which means it can handle only one operation at
How do you prevent SQL Injection?

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