What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy?

Short answer: Type Description Shallow Copy Copies top-level properties only Deep Copy Copies all nested objects too Follow me on LinkedIn: Example: const obj = { a: { b: 1 } };

Example code

const shallow = { ...obj }; // same reference
const deep = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj)); // new copy

Real-world example (ShopNest)

ShopNest’s browser cart uses modern JavaScript: fetch APIs with async/await, modules, and clear error handling.

Say this in the interview

1. Define — one clear sentence (the short answer above).
2. Example — relate it to a project like ShopNest or your real work.
3. Trade-off — when you would not use it.